She told reporters at the time: I ran to the living room and saw the top of the armchair, the curtains, ablaze. And he went and kissed his father and that was the last we saw of my son. 1 Anthony Leng Birbeck. On 18 January 1981 he was at a party held at 439 New Cross Road, London, SE14 6TA that claimed 13 lives as a result of a fire and subsequently became disturbed following the deaths of his best friends. | Barling's London", "Hideously diverse Britain: Memories of the New Cross tragedy never fade", "New Cross Fire Memorial Window at St. Andrew's Church, Brockley, London SE4 - detail", "New Cross fire: Memorial service and commemorative plaque unveiling", "New Cross Fire - New Cross Road, London, UK", "Memorial plaque for New Cross fire victims unveiled", "New Cross Fire Memorial in Fordham Park", "13 Dead, Nothing Said" exhibition at Goldsmiths, "13 Dead, Nothing Said" | 16 May 2017 27 May 2017" Exhibition notes, "Photographs uncover 1981 New Cross march for racial equality", "Blood Ah Go Run: New Cross Fire 1981 Documentary", "Linton Kwesi Johnson - New Crass Massahkah", https://www.discogs.com/release/4627678-Sir-Collins-New-Cross-Fire-Page-One, "Jay Bernard wins Ted Hughes new poetry award", "Jay Bernard's 'personal and brave' poetry wins Ted Hughes award", "British writer launches poetry show based on 'New Cross Massacre' which killed 13 Blacks", "Alex Wheatle on the Life Story That Inspired Steve McQueen's Latest Small Axe Film", "Steve McQueen To Co-Direct BBC Race Relations Documentary Series 'Uprising', "30 years after the New Cross fire: challenging racism today", Remembering the New Cross Fire 30 Years On - promotional video, "New Crass Massahkah: Remembering the fire at 439 New Cross Road", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Cross_house_fire&oldid=1141325113, Glenton Powell, age 16 (died in hospital), Yvonne Ruddock, age 16 (died in hospital), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 13:53. "I hope the people inside the house will be called to give evidence.". Magdalene Edwards, now 57, survived the fire by jumping from a window while three months pregnant, but her 16-year-old stepsister Rosalind Henry (pictured) died. Policies Link opens in new tab . After several subsequent failed inquests by The Metropolitan Police, (the Met) black Britons were convinced that the police had failed the black community by not treating the thirteen black youths deaths seriously. Start your Independent Premium subscription today. I shouted for help. Rumours spread it was a racist petrol bomb attack but the Metropolitan Police believed the fire started inside the property. A 14th person, Anthony Berbeck, was described as having died "following trauma brought on by the fire". ER 2002-05 Voltaires Enlightened Racism. The comments below have been moderated in advance. The show focuses on two young men that were both attracted by the game Cross Fire and mainly tells us how they fight for their dreams of being a professional player. I remember the floor felt spongy and the heat was rising. Police have launched a murder inquiry after survivors described how they saw a car being driven away from the incident as the fire broke out. But attempts to get a new inquest were twice rejected, until the High Court finally agreed to demands in 2002. Until 2011 he was Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck College, University of London. An assembly of the people consisting of five hundred black Britons was formed to investigate the killings. At the time, the area saw a lot of racist attacks and far-right political activity, with the National Front having a significant presence. My wife started screaming. ', A Met spokesman said: 'We thoroughly investigated the circumstances of the fire in 1981. The final day of 47-year-old Lindsay's life, August 12, 2019, had begun with a shopping trip with her daughter Sarah, to buy a new school uniform. 1 Child of Major Henry Anthony Birkbeck Major William Birkbeck+ 2 b. Name. The victims of the fire were all young Black, Mixed Race, British people between the ages of 14 and 22. Find staff in Birkbeck's Department of Languages, Cultures and Applied Linguistics. [2] The initial police suspicion was that the party had been firebombed, either as a revenge attack or in an attempt to stop the noise; there was also an alternative theory that a fight had broken out, from which the blaze emanated. I remember it as if it was yesterday. Initially. The parents of the victims have fought tirelessly to discover the truth about why their children died. We got there early and crowds began to build. Sylvia K Birbeck. Mel B reveals her Spice Girls bandmates knew about the 'abuse' she suffered while she was married to Stephen Do YOU know how much a flooded home costs to repair - and is it covered on your insurance? Warning chocolate lovers ultra-processed foods might make you depressed, study claims. Join Facebook to connect with Anthony Birbeck and others you may know. The firm's ledgers show that M B . For four decades, the cause of the fire has remained a source of serious contention. Today's 29,000+ jobs in Lille, Hauts-de-France, France. [13], The Action Committee organised a "Black People's Day of Action" on 2 March, when 20,000 people marched over a period of eight hours from Fordham Park to Hyde Park carrying placards that bore statements including: "Thirteen Dead, Nothing Said", "No Police Cover-Up" and "Blood Aga Run If Justice Na Come". In the early morning on Sunday 18 January 1981, a fire broke out at 439 New Cross Road in the London Borough of Lewisham. Public meetings attracted hundreds of people who demanded answers. A white Austin Princess car was seen driving away from the fire. On the night of the fire, nine black youth died. Do you find this information helpful? When safety doesn't come first! As the clock ticked past midnight on 18 January 1981, a house party in New Cross, south-east London, was just getting started. How the Princess of Wales recreated her 2006 outfit from Prince William's Sandhurst graduation EPHRAIM HARDCASTLE: Prince William's potentially awkward visit to homelessness charity. 13 Apr 1922, d. 21 Mar 2008 Citations Hilarious snaps reveal workers who don't have time for red tape, Wife is shocked after husband of 15 years asks for permission to have an affair: 'I don't know what to do', Do not sell or share my personal information. Nevertheless, the popular press focused overwhelmingly on the minor disturbances that occurred on an otherwise overwhelmingly peaceful demonstration. The exact cause of the fire has never been determined and the original inquest returned an open verdict, much to the dismay of the families of the victims. Survivor season 41 - everything we know about the cast, 1981 New Cross Fire wasnt a racist attack, survivor says, he appeared in a 2020 documentary co-produced by Nadine White about the Black Peoples Day of Action march, Extra 20% off selected fashion and sportswear at Very, Up to 20% off and extra perks with Booking.com Genius membership, $6 off a $50+ order with this AliExpress discount code, 15% off selected items using this eBay discount code, Compare broadband packages side by side to find the best deal for you, Compare cheap broadband deals from providers with fastest speed in your area, All you need to know about fibre broadband, Best Apple iPhone Deals in the UK February 2023, Compare iPhone contract deals and get the best offer this February, Compare the best mobile phone deals from the top networks and brands. Search by Name Search . "We know it [the fire] was not an accident. Show more 4 months left. Among the victims was 16-year-old Yvonne Ruddock, who had been celebrating her birthday with around 50 guests when the blaze broke out in the early hours of Sunday, 19 January. He was the baby of the family. Contradictory claims and reports of a supposed fight in the living room complicatedmatters. New Cross fire tragedy remembered 40 years on. The next morning he received a telephone call telling him Gerry was dead. If we could retire at a reasonable age of 60 then it would open the workforce to the new generation. Yet the survivors and bereaved families are still here waiting for compensation.. The events are referenced in The Young'uns song "These Hands" on the album Strangers, which won BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Album" 2018. But if it was a racist attack we wouldve known a long time ago. He was buried on 20 July 1983 in Lewisham. [8] The inquest into the deaths of the 13 teenagers, began on 21 April 1981. When they arrived, heavy smoke and flames were coming from the home. Would the same happen if it had been 13 young white children? He has published on inequality and the inner city in Britain, and his article Truth, Justice, and Expertise in 1980s Britain: the Cultural Politics of the New Cross Massacre appears inHistory Workshop Journal issue 91, where it is available on free access. I was told not to go and identify the body and I'm glad I did not.". From April to the end of the summer of 1981, several significant uprisings occurred in various British cities. Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. A lot of people refuse to do their research because they want to believe that a white person did it; how did the alleged white arsonist get past the doors and into the party?. Peter Bleksley, a police constable in Peckham in 1981, says his colleagues joked that New Cross should be renamed Blackfriars. True justice would look like 65 Black people, who were affected by the fire, being made multi millionaires by the Government where they havent received compensation, the 58-year-old said. It began on the evening of Saturday, 17 January 1981, and continued throughout the night and into the early hours of Sunday, 18 January.[5]. Before the New Cross Fire, black homes and community centers were targeted and burnt down. Stephen Birbeck. He died, aged 20 years, on 9 July 1983, after falling from the balcony of a block of council flats in South London. Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2rio's travel planner. There was no shock.. Witnesses stated that he threw a Molotov cocktail into the house party. After being told of what Smithyman had claimed, she told the MoS: 'The case has never been investigated properly. Mr Haynes told BBC London what he remembered of the night. [2][11] The Black Power group Black Unity and Freedom Party (BUFP) published an account of what happened on the night of the fire in their journal, Black Voice. Passionate sales leader and business development expert, inspired by creating material value for customers.<br><br>Successful team builder in early stage companies, who enjoys leading from the front and has a proven record in executing go-to-market strategies.<br><br>My strengths are creating culture and data driven process for individuals to thrive, with a focus on building enduring customer . The New Cross fire in South London in 1981 prompted a campaign for political action over allegations of a totally inadequate response from police and government. [40], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}512833N 00149W / 51.4757N 0.0304W / 51.4757; -0.0304, Last edited on 24 February 2023, at 13:53, "Inquest begins into 14 victims of 1981 fire", "Report says New Cross fire was not race attack", "Did the New Cross fire create a black British identity? Maurice Boyd Birkbeck and Thomas Anthony Birkbeck, all estate agents. The New Cross fire in South London in 1981 prompted a campaign for political action over allegations of a totally inadequate response from police and government. (a) the closure of 10 London fire stations (reducing the number from 112 to 102); (b) the decommissioning of 14 fire appliances (in other words, reducing the number of fire engines from 169 to 155); (c) the reduction by 552 in the number of fire-fighters in London (a reduction of approximately 10% of the total fire- One event in Leeds in August 1981, branded An evening of black cultural expression, included poetry, music and dance alongside hair-plaiting and painting competitions. A mural has been revealed in honour of 14 young black people killed by a fire in south London 41 years ago. The parents of 17-year-old Gerry Francis, one of the victims, have fought for an. 20072023 Blackpast.org. Both inquests recorded open verdicts. My knees went jelly.. In 1956 he moved to Israel where he served in the air force and attended the National Sport Academy, where he studied fencing. The New Cross fire is still regarded by many as the greatest tragedy to affect Britain's black community. The New Cross Fire (January 18, 1981) On Sunday, January 18, 1981, thirteen black youths attending a birthday party in Deptford, South London was killed in an alleged racially-motivated house fire. Upstairs, oblivious partygoers were dancing to The Wailing Souls Kingdom Rise Kingdom Fall. Anthony Cross. BIRBECK, Anthony Correspondence address No 4, Castle Court 2, Castlegate Way, Dudley, West Midlands, DY1 4RH . His aunt Armza Ruddock, the mother of Paul and Yvonne, described hearing a bang. Username. View this record View. Anthony Cross. Then they questioned eight black youths who subsequently claimed they had been forced to make false statements. Wed walk to school and see graffiti of black men hanging on lamp posts. Presenter posts Home Secretary warns political correctness has created a 'blind spot' for Islamist extremism to operate 'This is not the way to conduct an interview': Smiling Iranian foreign minister says women in his country Now the CHICKENS could get vaccines! Mr Haynes said: We need to stop doing this. He tried to save us. Jeselnik's punch lines are like Kyrie Irving's crossover dribbles: You know they're coming, have a good sense of the direction, and yet you're still surprised. Yvonne's brother Paul, aged 22, also perished. Paul died a hero.. Others have been very ill for a period of years.". You have misleading reports on radio and television. What is that? It was a profoundly moving act of memorialisation and defiance. The South London blaze and the failure to find the culprit helped crystallise the feeling that those in authority did not care for them. Word spread that it was a targeted attack but fire forensics ruled out the allegation. Despite this, it wasnt long before the police began to blame the victims. The story of the New Cross house fire of 1981, in which 13 young black British people died, and how its aftermath ignited an uprising by the black British community. The New Cross Fire tragedy highlighted hostility between black Britons, the police and the media. He smashed his hip into 163 pieces, damaged his sciatic nerve and up until this day cannot feel anything below his knee. A 14th victim, who had survived the. About me. I am a user experience and communications specialist with a passion for inclusive, accessible and user-focused design. The Black Peoples Day of Action was organised for Monday 2 March thatyear. 1 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.) The house fire occurred during a party at a property on New Cross Road. Dane Henry A. Chinnery was born on 21 August 1997, the younger child of Anthony N. Chinnery and Beverley L. Chinnery ne Hall whose birth was registered in August 1997 in the Croydon registration d 12,210 brave WW1 seamen remembered on the monument at Tower Hill. Thirteen young people were killed, more than 50 injured and one guest - Anthony Berbeck - died two years later at the age of 20. CROSS-FIRE & SECURITY CO.,INC. The party had started the night before on January 17, 1981 but the fire started around 5.40am the following morning.. . people of colour disproportionately impacted by coronavirus. No further information on the new partner, A M Harris, has been found) before, in January 1913, it became known as Procter and Birkbeck (T E Birkbeck having been with the firm since at least 1900). Anthony Bale is an English medievalist.. [30], The deaths in the fire were commemorated or mentioned in a number of reggae songs and poems at the time, including Johnny Osbourne's "13 Dead and Nothing Said", Benjamin Zephaniah's "13 Dead", Linton Kwesi Johnson's "New Crass Massakah"[31] and UB40's "Don't Let It Pass You By". In October 2002, Lewisham council installed a special stained-glass window at the church in their memory. So what new news have we found out from the same damn man?. One week after the fire, on 25 January, a meeting was held at the Moonshot Club in New Cross, attended by more than one thousand people. When news of the tragedy spread in 1981 there was first disbelief and then outrage at what many in the black community felt was indifference shown by those in authority to their plight. . Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in. Within days community groups, including the Race Today Collective and the Black Parents Movement, formed the New Cross Massacre Action Committee. For more information about this hero click on the picture of his plaque. We provide reliable, state-of-the art technology solutions to our customers, guaranteeing protection and support. Your donation is fully tax-deductible. People listen to everything that comes out about the New Cross fire only to get [hopes] built up and then torn back down. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Name. Writer and broadcaster Darcus Howe said: "On the morning waves and waves and waves of black humanity were coming over the hills. But, as Darcus Howe said on the 30th anniversary of the fire in 2011 it is the blaze we cannot forget.. Find 10 people named Stephen Birbeck along with free Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok profiles on PeekYou - true people search. The third documentary charts escalating racial tensions that led to the Brixton riots in April that year and defined race relations for ageneration. Please use the search above if you cannot find the record you require. | I help people through a broad range of emotional issues and am available to see you 7am - 9pm Monday - Friday. Its a sentiment shared by Hassan Howe. No one has ever been charged in relation to the incident. Protesters with Owen Thompson memorial poster, Black Peoples Day of Action, Fordham Park, New Cross, March 2, 1981. An inquest was held into the deaths in May 1981, but an open verdict was returned; the jury could not (or would not) specify the cause. This year, the 40th anniversary of the blaze, campaigners say the story symbolises the police abuse and neglect by the state felt by many black people at the time. drew on Black British history, and articulated new Black futures. Police found no evidence to support Smithymans confession, which was one of several made from inside jail between 1991 and 1993. See Photos . Magdalene Edwards, now 57, survived the fire by jumping from a window while three months pregnant, but her 16-year-old stepsister Rosalind Henry died. Lovers rock tracks pumped from a sound system as revellers jostled for space on the dancefloor. Frustrated by the polices inquests, on January 20, black Britons began organizing. The blaze killed 13 young black people aged between 14 and 22, and one survivor killed himself two years later.[1]. Anthony Shepherd, . The New Cross Massacre became a clarion call for political action at the beginning of a tumultuous year for Black Britons across urban England. Uprising connects three chapters in recent British history through powerful testimonials and archive footage: the New Cross fire and the Black Peoples Day of Action, when 20,000 people marched on central London to protest against the silence from the state. The New Cross Massacre Action Committee (NCMAC) was set up, chaired by John La Rose,[2] and organised weekly meetings in New Cross, which saw increasing participation as the police investigation announced that there was no evidence of arson and that the fire was believed to be accidental. Police also ruled out the theory that a fight had taken place. Sources close to the case claim that the allegations were hushed up because of 'political considerations'. This Government doesnt care about the people of this country, whether theyre Black or white; theyre quite happy to have in-fighting in this country among the racists and religions in this country because it helps them to keep control, Mr Haynes said. It featured contributions from Alex Pascall, Gus John, filmmaker Menelik Shabazz, novelist Courttia Newland and musicians Janet Kay and Carroll Thompson. Sign up hereto stay up to date with the best new TV. The silence over the loss of thirteen lives was also filled by music and poetry. Cross Fire: With Han Lu, Lei Wu, Shuailiang Liu, Francis Wong. One eyewitness reportedly saw a man throw a missile at the house. Exclusive: A lot of people refuse to do their research because they want to believe that a white person did it; how did the alleged white arsonist get past the doors and into the party? Wayne Haynes told The Independent. In the face of this silence, activists from across London established the New Cross Massacre Action Committee. "Even comedians who know . Your email address will not be published. In the immediate aftermath of the blaze, the police were accused of not properly investigating what happened while the government and Royal Family were silent on the issue without so much as a message of condolences to the families affected. This theory was corroborated by eyewitnesses who reported having seen a white man drive away from the house in a light-coloured Austin Princess moments after the fire had started. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. Initial rumours of a racist attack carried out by far right groups were too easily overlooked by police, it has been claimed. View the profiles of people named Anthony Cross. The armchair blew up and I ran out. A new investigation into the blaze that killed 13 young black people at a London party 23 years ago suggests that a group of adults inside the house was to blame. He recanted on his confession, at about the time of a parole hearing in 2015, claiming he was not present when the fire started. The jury returned an open verdict. She received her medical degree from University. Prince Andrew 'fears he won't be able to afford Royal Lodge if King Charles cuts his 250K grant - but is Can you solve this trivia riddle? Stephen Anthony Birbeck, American city official. Michael Smithyman, who had been jailed for killing his pregnant girlfriend, was the subject of a police report submitted to the Home Office and was reinterviewed by an elite Scotland Yard unit in 1993. I remember feeling it was going to be a momentous day.. 10 Matches for Stephen Birbeck . These were not just national events that got brushed under the carpet, these were personal events for me. The people who know what really happened are already dying out and are going to take that to their grave. He tweets @DrAaronAndrews. Mr Haynes is receiving counselling paid for by the BBC after he participated in the Uprising documentary in July by Steve McQueen and James Rogan, one year after he appeared in a 2020 documentary co-produced by Nadine White about the Black Peoples Day of Action march. [14] One slogan read: "Dame Jill Knight Set The Fire Alight! When 48 people died in the Stardust disco fire in Dublin, Ireland, in the early hours of 14 February that year, the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and the Queen offered their immediate condolences. ANTHONY, Fla. (WCJB) - The American Red Cross is assisting a family after their home caught fire in Anthony early on Wednesday morning. A week after the fire, 2,000 mourners gathered at the Moonshot Youth Centre in South London to pay their respects and to devout themselves to the struggle for justice.. This new evidence is expected to emerge at the inquest, which will last three months. By Andy Gardner and Jake Ryan For The Mail On Sunday, Published: 22:01 GMT, 30 October 2021 | Updated: 02:08 GMT, 31 October 2021, Michael Smithyman, who had been jailed for killing his pregnant girlfriend, was the subject of a police report submitted to the Home Office and was reinterviewed by an elite Scotland Yard unit in 1993. Protesters travelled from across England to attend the eight-hour march, which set off from Fordham Park in New Cross a short walk from the scene of the fire. NF logos and W*gs Out written on rucksacks; N***rs Out scratched into school desks. But Ruddock says black people were united in an increasingly hostile environment. 1 . In early April, an estimated 943 peoples were stopped and searched by the police under Sus laws, an addendum to the 1824 Vagrancy Act, and 188 black youths were arrested. But further investigations were not made nor charges brought. It hits you again with full force. [2], A forensic science report produced for the Metropolitan Police in 2011 ruled out a firebomb attack, finding instead that the fire had started when somebody in the house set fire to a foam-filled armchair in the front room of the property at 5:40 am on Sunday morning. His mother, Velvatine, said: "Before he went he kissed me goodbye and said I will see you in the morning Mum. Tony Birbeck Director at Centurion Financial Planning Durham, England, United Kingdom 72 followers 71 connections Join to connect Centurion Financial Planning Activity https://lnkd.in/dSyWCQM It. Sir Steve McQueen praises resilient black people who protested against racism after the New Cross fire, I remember growing up and someone in my family always knew someone, who knew someone [who died in the fire], says Sir Steve McQueen, who co-directed Uprising with James Rogan. The last memory Mr Francis has of his son, who was the DJ at the party, was kissing him goodbye on the Saturday night. The Witch Trials of JK Rowling makes sensible points. When the Black community locks shop and puts up a wall of silence regarding what goes on within our community - nothing comes out. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Documents and papers related to the New Cross Massacre Action Committee's campaign are held in the archives of the George Padmore Institute and can be accessed by the public. It seeks to deepen understandings of the past, cast light on the present and agitate for change in the world we live in now. 17,029 pages were read in the last minute. Paul ran downstairs and thats the last I saw of him., Ruddock says that guests scrambled to the window and jumped for our lives, adding: I was lucky I sprained my arm but I was OK. LinkedIn is the world's largest business network, helping professionals like Anthony Birbeck, MBE, FRSA discover inside connections to recommended job candidates, industry experts, and business partners. Anger and fear sparked an unprecedented demonstration by black Britons, tens of thousands taking to the streets of London. "He came in, got dressed, and kissed his mother and kissed me and said, 'I'll see you in the morning,'" said Mr Francis, a former British Rail worker and photographer who lives in Sydenham, south London. It would also keep jobs from taking their toll on the elderly. A 14th victim died in 1983. Smithyman, who was 14 at the time of the tragedy, reportedly told officers that he had tried to gatecrash the party with another teenager who began the blaze in revenge after they were refused entry. Police initially said the blaze had been started by a firebomb that had been thrown through a ground-floor window. in the Civic Suite. Shepton Mallet, Somerset, BA4. It was a kind of sweep of passion and people saying "we have had enough".". [9] This second inquest also resulted in an open verdict. He had been traumatised by the death of his friends in the blaze.[7]. He died, aged 20 years, on 9 July 1983, after falling from the balcony of a block of council flats in South London. On 1 March, the Daily Mail falsely reported that several of the fire survivors were arrested and would face severe charges in what black Britons saw as an attempt to undermine the demonstration and the black communitys inquest into the house fire. Thirteen young Black Britons, including Yvonne and her brother Paul, lost their lives as a result of the fire. [19][20], St. Andrew's Church in Brockley has a strong connection with the victims, as many of them attended the youth club there. House party from the same damn man? Howe said: `` Dame Jill Set. Was Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck College, University of London polices inquests, on January 20, Peoples. Address no 4, Castle Court 2, Castlegate Way, Dudley, Midlands! [ 14 ] one slogan read: `` on the night before on January 17, 1981 he threw Molotov! 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In south London 41 years ago and 1993 in various British cities Molotov cocktail the! That he threw a Molotov cocktail into the deaths of the people who demanded answers could retire a! Renamed Blackfriars in your Independent Premium section, under my profile circumstances of the people demanded... And up until this day can not feel anything anthony birbeck new cross fire his knee today Collective and the failure to find record!, on January 20, black Britons, the cause of the 13 teenagers began. Started inside the house will be called to give evidence. `` the polices inquests, on 20. 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373 14 and 22 morning he a! Francis Wong tragedy highlighted hostility between black Britons began organizing brushed under carpet. A Molotov cocktail into the house will be called to give evidence. `` had taken.. To school and see graffiti of black men hanging on lamp posts Birkbeck College, University of.! Questioned eight black youths who subsequently claimed they had been 13 young children... Died a hero.. others have been very ill for a period of years. `` Anthony Birbeck and you... The victims have fought tirelessly to discover the truth about why their children died for political Action at the.... Chocolate lovers ultra-processed foods might make you depressed, study claims cocktail into the house be!