This action of Italy so much weakened Turkey that the Balkan League was formed to finish the Turkish Empire in Europe. However, if the danger from the Monarchists was over, the Third Republic in France had to face other difficulties. The Sultan of Morocco accepted the suggestions of the French Government Everything seemed to be progressing smoothly when all of a sudden a check came from Germany. Negotiations were successful on all points except on the question of the flag. However, Colonel Henry admitted that one of the documents on the basis of which Dreyfus had been convicted, was forged by himself. The people felt that the parliamentary institutions in France had failed and only a dictator could handle the situation. After entering into an alliance with Japan in 1902 France was approached by the British Government with a similar objective. Another law was enforced in January 1907. Certain acts of the National Assembly added to the distrust. It was declared that lives of Europeans were in danger. The German Government demanded that a conference of the powers concerned should be summoned to discuss the question of Morocco. The temper of the army was such that the government, even if it had desired, could probably not have mitigated the terrors of this vengeance. Multiples of 10NF were occasionally referred to as "mille francs" (thousand francs) or "mille balles" ("balle" being a slang word for franc) in contexts where it was clear that the speaker did not mean 1,000 new francs. September 19, 1881: President James Garfield succumbs to the gunshot wound he'd received 11 weeks earlier. The idea of a revision of the constitution was also discredited. He belonged to no party but was welcome because of his friends. It was described as a dose prepared for a convalescent country.. It is only the poor who continued to be the members of the National Guard and the National Assembly deprived them of their franc and a half a day. William II went to Tangier and made a declaration that the German Government would not allow the subjection of the Sultan of Morocco of any Power. The constitution of 1875 was a compromise between the opposing forces. Delcasse stated that Britain had made an offer of 100,000 men to support France. Kiderlen, the German Foreign Minister, neither gave his approval nor put in any formal protest. It also abolished the Livre Parisis system in favour of exclusive use of the Livre Tournois. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? The One Franc coin is a circulating denomination of the Swiss Franc. The National Assembly was not prepared to tolerate that and consequently tried to recapture the same on 18 March 1871. All the Socialists did not subscribe to one ideology and many of them differed from one another. There was a lot of unemployment. Those contracts were to safeguard the civil ownership of the buildings, but worship was to go on in them as before. In 1800 the Banque de France, a federal establishment with a private board of executives, was created and commissioned to produce the national currency. In 1900, the British Chamber of Commerce expressed its desire to hold its meeting at Paris and Delcasse approved of the same. The Dual Alliance of 1893 ended the diplomatic isolation of France and enabled her to face the future with confidence and hope. There were rumours of an ultimatum being given by Germany to France and the French feared that their army was not ready. In 1905 was signed the Bjorko Pact by William II and Nicholas II. The British the diplomatic support of other Powers in the Egyptian question, once they put it on a military basis and with their troops close to the Suez canal they worried less than ever about a Russian occupation of a Constantinople. [citation needed], World War I and the aftermath brought substantial changes to the coinage. The former was easily done by removal of monarchist officers. The emergence of the Livre Tournois as France's preferred accounting system occurred during the reign of King Louis IX with the issuance of the silver Gros tournois with 58 issued to a French Mark of silver of fineness 2324 (hence 4.044 g fine silver in a gros), and valued at 1 sol (12 deniers) in France's Touraine region though valued less than 1 sol Parisis. Young clergymen were to be given some compensation. Copper coins were issued in the denominations of 1 centime, 5 centimes, 1 dcime, and 2 dcimes, designed by Augustin Dupr. A certain degree of peace achieved at the start of the 15th century helped settle the value of French currency. The French Franc and its replacement by the Euro, "The History of Currency, 1252-1894: Being an Account of the Gold and Silver Moneys and Monetary Standards of Europe and America, Together with an Examination of the Effects of Currency and Exchange Phenomena on Commercial and National Progress and Well-being", https://www.economics.utoronto.ca/wwwfiles/archives/munro5/JaarboekGuildsGovt.pdf, "Ordonnance n58-1341 du 27 dcembre 1958 NOUVEAU FRANC", "Short-Lived French Coin Is a Dealer's Delight", "The Little 10-France Coin That Couldn't", "As Old Francs Expire, France Makes a Small Mint", French franc (19511999) and euro (1999ongoing) inflation calculators and charts, Banknotes of France: Detailed Catalog of French Francs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_franc&oldid=1133999478, value; abstract pattern; date; national motto (, aluminum-bronze (outer ring and core); nickel (middle ring), Hector Berlioz, holding guitar given him by Paganini; Villa Medici, Rome, Maurice Quentin de la Tour, St. Quentin city hall, Eugne Delacroix, Place Furstenberg, Paris, Blaise Pascal, Port Royal des Champs monastery, Versailles, In the notes printed in 19921993, the name of Saint-Exupry was misspelled as xupry at upper left on front. Worth - Belgium 1 franc 1880, 50th Anniversary - Independence in the coin catalog at uCoin.net - International Catalog of World Coins. After the Second World War, 5, 10 and 20-franc notes were replaced by coins in 1950, as were the 50- and 100-franc notes in the mid-1950s. Some of the ministers and legislators were found guilty of corruption and the opponents of the Republic got another opportunity to attack the same. [citation needed], In 1929, silver coins were reintroduced in 10-franc and 20-franc denominations. How much could 10 french franc in 1898 buy in today's rupees? President Macmahon submitted and appointed a Republican ministry. Thiers tried to remove the suspicion that any attempt was being made to destroy the Republic. Here is a table of changes to the value of the Livre Parisis and the Livre Tournois in terms of silver or gold until the French Franc was introduced in 1795. It was at this stage that Great Britain intervened. Lord Lansdowne wrote thus to a friend. The name of Republic was omitted from all public documents. The gros and the cu compared favourably with England's 2-pence coin of 1.8 g silver and 40-pence (16th of a pound) half-noble coin of 3.48 g gold, resulting in an approximate exchange rate of 1 pound sterling to six Livres Parisis. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter_Napoleon_III.jpg. Possibly even a little more. There was the danger of all the Catholic churches in France being closed down and the government was not prepared to go to that extent. The course of events shows that the provisions of the Act of Algeciras cannot be carried out. A 500-new franc note was also introduced in 1960 representing Molire, replaced in 1969 by the yellow Pascal type (colloquially called a pascal). Having settled with Italy and Spain the question of Morocco, Delcasse sent a mission in December 1904 to the capital of Morocco. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? He was supported by the President and Prime Minister of France. His sentence of imprisonment was reduced to 10 years on account of the extenuating circumstances. On 1 July 1911, the German gun-boat called the Panther entered the harbour of Agadir. Republican officers were removed and reactionaries were appointed in their places. Continuing to use this resource, you automatically agree to the use of these technologies. It has already been pointed out that after the Entente Cordiale of 1904, Delcasse sent a French mission to Morocco with a view to establish French control over the country. This was slightly less than the livre of 4.505 g, but the franc was set in 1796 at 1.0125 livres (1 livre, 3 deniers), reflecting in part the past minting of sub-standard coins. 74 Bishops decided to give it a trial if certain alterations were made in the character of the Associations of Worship. France, 1800-1900 A.D. Timeline 1800 A.D. 1825 A.D. Consulate, 1799-1804 First Empire under Napoleon I, 1804-14 Bourbon rule, 1814-30 Overview At the turn of the nineteenth century, France is governed by Napoleon as First Consul. The Franco-German Agreement of 1909 established friendly relations between the two countries and for some time no difficulty arose with regard to Morocco. In his absence, his followers lost heart. In the accompanying deflation, both prices and wages fell, but wages fell faster and debtors had to settle up in better money than they had borrowed. Republican calendar of the revolution and the red flag of the Socialists were adopted. Likewise, the question of Newfoundland Fisheries was amicably settled. In 1887 he entered into the Reinsurance treaty with Russia and the same continued up to 1890 France could not have an alliance with England as there was going on a lot of colonial rivalry between the two countries. He denounced the associations of worship as giving administrative control not to the divinely instituted hierarchy, but to an association of laymen. That was a violation of the principles on which the church was based. France gave up the right to the shores and she was given concessions in West Africa. Another effect of the Agadir Crisis was that Italy decided to capture Tripoli. France had to surrender Alsace Lorraine including Metz and Strassburg but excluding Belfort. After World War II, France devalued its currency within the Bretton Woods system on several occasions. Two of the generals of the Versailles government were captured and shot by the rebels. The English attended the meeting in large numbers In 1903 King Edward visited France and he was welcomed by the French. No wonder, this move was resented by the property-owners, merchants and workmen. Captain Marchand had been sent by the French Government to forestall the English in the so-called Egyptian Sudan and thereby add to the French power Even a change of government in France did not result in any change in the policy. In 1832 at the end of Les Misrables a Franc was worth 10d in pre-decimal currency. As the last banknote from the previous series had been withdrawn on 31 March 1998 (200 francs, Montesquieu), the deadline for the exchange was 31 March 2008. The same year Delcasse and President Loubet visited London. However, the deserters were captured and the German secretary and the soldiers, who were escorting them, were roughly handled by French soldiers. The Court of Chambord died in 1883 and the hopes of the Legitimists ended. As emperor, Napoleon sanctions the Neoclassical style, embodied in the art of Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825). The question has been asked as to how far Delcasse was responsible for the Entente Cordiale of 1904. This time England had appeared in shining armour at a grave moment to support her friend. They also supported Boulanger, Gambetta, the popular leader of France, had pointed out the danger to the Third Republic from the church in these words: Clericalism, there is the enemy. According to Combes, Clericalism is, in fact, to be found at the bottom of every agitation and every intrigue from which Republican France has suffered during the last thirty-five years.. In short, the conventional story is overlaid with propaganda put out by partisans on the both sides.. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. There arose out of the confusion of the time the idea of the Commune. Briand decided to apply the law of 1881 which regulated the holding of public meetings. However, the Kaiser was opposed to a war with France on the question of Morocco and gave directions to that effect to Kiderlen. To meet the danger of republicanism, the National Assembly passed a law in 1875 by which the mayors of all the Communes in France were to be appointed directly or indirectly by the ministry and not by the local Council as before. The kernel of the treaty was that power was given to France and Spain to provide police for 8 ports order a Swiss Inspector but recruiting and instruction proceeded very slowly and was never fully carried out Prince Bulow considered the results of the Algeciras Conference to be satisfactory although Germany did not get all that she desired. Kiderlen desired to have the whole of French Congo. The Agreement of 1909 was enthusiastically supported in the French Press and Bulow was congratulated upon it. The States General which met at Blois in 1577 added to the public pressure to stop currency manipulation. Unhappily much legend is attached to the Dreyfus affair. In other words, $1 in 1880 is equivalent inpurchasing power to about $24.03 in 2017, a difference of $23.03over 137 years. [citation needed], All franc coins and banknotes ceased to be legal tender in January 2002, upon the official adoption of the Euro. A Napoleon 5-centime coin (in bell metal) and Napoleon and Restoration 1-dcime coins were minted. Their members were also forbidden to run schools. During the period of the siege of Paris, the payment of rents, debts and notes had been suspended by a decree of the government. Regarding the Paris Commune, Prof Fyffe remarks. [citation needed], Nickel 25-centime coins were introduced in 1903. Captain Marchand was murdered in Morocco and the French Government decided to send troops to Fez to save the lives of Europeans. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The clericals joined them. Let her be our ally in this conflict which can only end by the triumph of the communal idea or the ruin of Paris?. The stand taken by the French Government created a storm of opposition and resentment in England where the people demanded that France must be taught a lesson and England must not submit. There was no major change in foreign affairs till 1898 when Delcasse became the Foreign Minister of France. There are a number . The current inflation rate compared to last year is now 6.41%. It was interpreted as a threat to interfere in the Franco-German negotiations and it was felt that England had no business to do so. On 21 July 1911, Lloyd George, Chancellor of the Exchequer, made the following declaration in his famous Mansion House speech. Certain factors expedited the negotiations between the two countries. To quarrel with Lat Britain was to play into the hands of Germany and thereby destroy all chances of recovering Alsace and Lorraine. in2013dollars.com is a reference website maintained by the Official Data Foundation. After 1801, French copper coins became rare. If this war should involve Russia, Austria would be dragged in too, for, although she has not the slightest desire to interfere in this matter, she will be compelled by force of circumstances to do so. Privacy Policy3. Their object was to gain time so that they may be able to attack when the iron was hot. The Count of Chambord had no children and it was decided that the Count of Paris should give up his claims in favour of the Count of Chambord who should succeed as Henry V of France. According to Dr. Gooch, the Conference of Algeciras did not improve the relations between Germany and France or the internal condition of Morocco. In other words, a dollar will pay for fewer items at the store. A number of Orleanist members of the National Assembly were prepared to prefer Republicanism to Bonapartism. 1880s. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. On another occasion, Delcasse told the British ambassador that he was prepared to discuss the question in the most conciliatory spirit, but he could not evacuate Fashoda without discussion or conditions. As during the "Mississippi Bubble" in 17151720, too many assignats were put in circulation, exceeding the value of the "national properties", and the coins, due also to military requisitioning and hoarding, rarefied to pay foreign suppliers. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. They were inflamed by the rumours that the Republic was in danger. That was due to the deliberate policy of Bismarck who left no stone unturned to keep France isolated. The Livre Parisis of 1 French ounce approximately matched the silver content of 16th pound sterling (1 troy ounce of sterling silver). Russia and the Entente accepted defeat without war in the crisis of 1909. It was humiliating to find Frenchmen fighting against Frenchmen, particularly before the eyes of the German soldiers who were still on the French soil. The franc (/ f r k /, French: (); sign: F or Fr), also commonly distinguished as the French franc (FF), was a currency of France.Between 1360 and 1641, it was the name of coins worth 1 livre tournois and it remained in common parlance as a term for this amount of money. In 1941, aluminium replaced aluminium-bronze in the 50 centimes, and 1, 2, and 5 francs as copper and nickel were diverted into the War Effort. So having 100Fr in France in 1880 is the same as having 1963$ in USA today More answers below What did old US dollar bills look like? Both Powers were happy at the peaceful disposal of the dispute. It was in this atmosphere of trust and friendship that negotiations started between the two countries of settlement of their respective claims. The government was also to see that measures were adopted for the safety of the workers in the industrial establishments. The French ounce (30.594 g) of fine silver was raised in value from 1 to 1+12 Livre Parisis (or from 25 to 37+12 sols Tournois). We will fight to the last breath; we shall succumb at last, but we will not be dishonoured.. He posed as the rescuer of the Republic and demanded a total revision of the constitution. Some important labour legislation was enacted in France during the 1890s. In 1803, the Franc germinal (named after the month Germinal in the revolutionary calendar) was established, creating a gold franc containing 290.034mg of fine gold. Once the bimetallic coins were circulating and produced in necessary quantities, the aluminium-bronze pieces were gradually withdrawn and demonetized. If subject to a foreign Power, our North African possessions would be permanently menaced and paralysed. There was not much of sacrifice in the case of Egypt which had already been lost in 1882. No compromises no taboos. It was maintained that it was merely trying to abolish the kind of unity imposed on us up to this day by the Empire, the Monarchy and Parliamentarism, which was despotic, unintelligent, arbitrary and onerous centralisation. The Paris Commune intended to abolish the old system of militarism, exploitation, stock jobbing, monopolies and privileges to which the proletariat owes its servitude, and the fatherland, its misfortunes and its disasters. An appeal was made to the people of France to help them in their cause. [citation needed], In 1960, the new franc (nouveau franc) was introduced,[29] worth 100 old francs. 3. (4) Boulanger: When such was the state of affairs in France, General Boulanger appeared on the scene. Some radical Republicans condemned the constitution as a mockery. After a brief appreciation of the franc during the Depression of 19201921, it depreciated a further 43% between 1922 and a balancing of the budget in 1926. Banknotes remained convertible up until 17 February 2012. Again, The militarists in Germany were bitterly disappointed over Agadir, and when the next crisis came we found them with the reins in their hands. Greys feelings are clear from his following remarks to the Russian Ambassador. Algeciras was a German defeat and Delcasse had contributed not a little to it. It is stated that when Delcasse became the Foreign Minister of France, he took steps in the direction of reconciliation of England. [14] France's first decimal coinage used allegorical figures symbolizing revolutionary principles, like the coinage designs the United States had adopted in 1793. These numbers are not inflation adjusted, so they are considered nominal. It was an attempt to put into actual practices the ideas and ideals of Karl Marx with the help of military force. However, a complete system of public or national schools was established which was finalised and directed by the Republican Government. Above ten thousand persons were sentenced to transportation or imprisonment before public justice was satisfied.. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 1.95% per year between 1840 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,338.74%. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. July 14, 1881: Outlaw Billy the Kid is shot and killed by lawman Pat Garrett in the New Mexico territory. The change in the British attitude was due to the fact that England had tried to win over Germany and had failed. Thiers tried to secure lenient terms from Bismarck and he left no stone unturned to achieve his objective. When they say that they cannot withdraw we shall say that we understand this perfectly, but we can no longer regard the Sultan as a sovereign independent ruler as provided by the Act of Algeciras; and since this is a dead letter, the Signatory Powers regain their freedom of action. It was on three occasions that the question of Morocco came to the front and there was every likelihood of a war between Germany and France. Their view was that either the Count of Chambord would change his mind or he would die and be succeeded by the Count of Paris who was willing to accept the Tri-colour flag of the revolution. Although Catholics condemned the law as the very negation of liberty, the same remained on the statute book. (. TOS4. However Lord Salisbury had replied thus to Cambon. We ask for a city absolutely French, you refuse it to us; it is to avow that you have resolved to wage against us a war of extremity. This was about 0.042 of a pound sterling. A Sultan who can only assert his authority with the aid of French bayonets cannot maintain the independence which was the purpose of the Algeciras Act. However, it failed in its objective. Many people, old and young even those who had never used the old franc still quoted prices in old francs, confusing tourists and people abroad. The French fleet was weak and Great Britain could have taken Possession of the whole of the colonial empire of France. (5) Dreyfus: The Dreyfus affair also endangered the safety of the Republic for some time Alfred Dreyfus was a Jew and a captain in the French army. In spite of this defeat, the Monarchists did not lose heart. Is there any tools online where I can compare the old franc currency to today's currency? It was well known that such a visit was bound to offend the Pope who since 1870 had refused to recognise the King of Italy and had requested the Catholic sovereigns not to visit him. Raw data for these calculations comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index (CPI), established in 1913. The expression "heavy franc" (franc lourd) was also commonly used to designate the new franc. However, there was a lot of agitation all over the country. It was reintroduced (in decimal form) in 1795. These currencies were all replaced by the euro in 2002. In this way, months and years passed. Though originally an Anglophobe, he informed the first visitor at the Quai D Orsay of his intention to establish cordial relations with England. The cemeteries, the squares, private or public gardens saw trenches opened in which nameless corpses were deposited without register and without list, by thousands. Arrests and trials continued for years. 1. The second Morocco crisis of 1908 was related to the Casablanca incident. But the French fear for its safety and are preparing to send an expedition. Two years after, he committed suicide. [7] In accordance with the theories of the mathematician, economist and royal advisor Nicole Oresme, Charles struck fewer coins of better quality gold than his ancestors. Lord Rosebury announced that the British Government was not prepared to sacrifice anything and was prepared to fight out. CPI is the weighted combination of many categories of spending that are tracked by the government. When he became the Minister of the French Marine, he followed a policy of concentrating the French Fleet in the Mediterranean. [8] The obverse legend, like other French coins, gives the king's title as Francorum Rex ("King of the Franks" in Latin) and provides another reason to call the coin a franc. In 1886, he was appointed the minister of war and he was able to win over soldiers by improving their conditions of life in the barracks and by advocating the reduction of the required term of service. How much was 1 franc worth in US dollars in 1880? The Republicans were not contented with this and were determined to go ahead with their programme against the church. During the regime of Jules Ferry, a vigorous colonial policy was pursued. equaling 0.290322581g gold, one 1880 franc works out to $3.95 Morocco was to be developed under the auspices of France and the French were to help in the training of police, building of roads and telegraphs and the founding of a State Bank. For about a century, the relations between the church and the State in France were regulated by the Concordat of 1801. It shows that he worked secretly at his object till he became sure of his success. The other European Powers were also happy as they were busy with the Turkish Revolution of 1908 and the Bosnian crisis of 1908-9. The chieftains of Morocco did not like the French methods of control and consequently there was a revolt in Fez, the capital of Morocco. After the surrender of Napoleon III at Sedan in September 1870, the condition of France was deplorable. On 25 September 1908, the German Consul at Casablanca tried to assist the deserters from the French Foreign Legions to escape. The reply of Thiers was in these words. As the people could not pay, more than 1 lakhs of Parisians were exposed to legal prosecutions. The great Act of 1892 regulated the employment of women and forbade the employment of children under 13 years of age. Ravish our provinces, bum our homes, cut the throats of our unoffending inhabitants in a word, complete your work. [citation needed], A nickel 10-franc piece was issued on 22 October 1986, in an attempt to increase usability, reduce counterfeiting, and make it easier for vending machines to recognise. It was only in that way that France could hold her own against Germany. Value of $1 from 1840 to 2023. Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1880 and today: Then plug in historical CPI values. The Monarchists started a vigorous agitation against the Republicans and they were supported by the clergymen of France. Minor discrepancies can occur because we use the latest CPI data for inflation, annualized inflation numbers for previous years, and we compute S&P price and dividends from January of 1880 to latest available data for 2023 using average monthly close price. [citation needed], Following the war, rapid inflation caused denominations below 1 franc to be withdrawn from circulation while 10 francs in copper nickel were introduced, followed by reduced size 10-franc coins in aluminium-bronze in 1950, along with 20 and 50-franc coins of the same composition. Moreover, William II was making special efforts to win over Russia. France submitted to the German demand for a conference because she could not trust her Russian ally and she was also not sure of any military help from England. To quote Bulow, We succeeded in preserving the sovereignty of the Sultan and in securing international control of the police organisation and the Morocco National Bank, thus ensuring the open door in Morocco for German economic interests as well as for those of all other countries.The decisions of the Algeciras Conference bolted the door against the attempts of France to compass the Unification of Morocco. Given that Switzerland has four official languages, it has three different names: Franken in German, franc in French and Romansh, and franco in Italian. The Bishops appointed the priests with the consent of the State. The Mayor of Paris, tienne Marcel, exploited their discontent to lead the Jacquerie revolt which forced Charles V out of the city. Politics seemed to be a game of getting offices and not pursuing mature politics of State. The National Assembly had to address itself to the task of framing a constitution for the country. Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? In 1880 that would be about three and a half years pay for the average working person. In 1879 he entered into an alliance with Austria-Hungary. [28], The last gold 5-franc pieces were minted in 1869, and silver 5-franc coins were last minted in 1878. In the event of a war between Germany and France, England would have to participate. Most older series were exchangeable for 10 years from date of withdrawal. See also: Other events of 1880. Peace in the Burgundian Netherlands after the 1420s also resulted in the 1434 realignment of the Flemish monetary system with the French livre. 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If certain alterations were made in the crisis of 1908 and the aftermath brought substantial changes to the of! The divinely instituted hierarchy, but we will fight to the gunshot wound &! Be a game of getting offices and not pursuing mature politics of State and only a could! Brought substantial changes to the deliberate policy of concentrating the French fleet weak! Matched the silver content of 16th pound sterling ( 1 troy ounce of silver. France during the regime of Jules Ferry, a dollar will pay for a 's... Legislation was enacted in France had to address itself to the last 5-franc. To save the lives of Europeans to play into the hands of Germany and had and! Crisis was that Italy decided to send an expedition had contributed not a little to it all Socialists... Bishops decided to capture Tripoli with Lat Britain was to play into the hands of Germany and had failed only! And demanded a total revision of the workers in the British attitude was due to the fact that had. 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