Smelting platinum-containing concentrates requires about 800 kWh/tonne of concentrate, whereas smelting calcine requires about 500 kWh/tonne of calcine ( Warner et al. Smelting, process by which a metal is obtained, either as the element or as a simple compound, from its ore by heating beyond the melting point, ordinarily in the presence of oxidizing agents, such as air, or reducing agents, such as coke. Melting is the process by which a substance changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase.Melting is also known as fusion, although this term has several meanings.Melting occurs when the internal energy of a solid increases, usually through the application of … There are several interactions studied in chemistry which determine a substance’s melting point.

The chemical reactions in the pressure leach are exothermic and no external heat would be needed. The first of those is temperature, which directly influence the amount of free energy available to all atoms and molecules within a system. , 2007 ).

Temperature, as we experience it, seems to be heat sources such as the sun or a fire. Smelting of concentrates containing platinum-group elements requires more energy than smelting of hot nickel–copper calcine. In fact, cooling coils would be needed if it were not for the additional solutions pumped into the autoclaves to make up for the water in the blow-off gases.

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